November 2017, Vol 3, No. 11, Pages 1445-1595

Original Investigation

Patterns of Treatment Failure and Postrecurrence Outcomes Among Patients With Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Chemoradiotherapy Using Modern Radiation Techniques

Jonathan E. Leeman, MD; Jin-gao Li, MD; Xin Pei, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1487-1494. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0973

This cohort study assesses patterns of treatment failure and postrecurrence outcomes among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy using contemporary radiotherapy techniques.

Breast Cancer Screening With Mammography Plus Ultrasonography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Women 50 Years or Younger at Diagnosis and Treated With Breast Conservation Therapy

Nariya Cho, MD; Wonshik Han, MD; Boo-Kyung Han, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1495-1502. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1256

This cohort study examines magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography plus mammography in screening for a second breast cancer in women 50 years or younger who underwent breast conservation therapy.

Use of Molecular Tools to Identify Patients With Indolent Breast Cancers With Ultralow Risk Over 2 Decades

Laura J. Esserman, MD, MBA; Christina Yau, PhD; Carlie K. Thompson, MD; et al.

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1503-1510. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1261

This secondary analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial of women treated with tamoxifen vs no systemic therapy and followed up for 2 decades investigates if a multigene classifier is associated with indolent behavior of invasive breast cancers.

Nivolumab for Patients With Advanced Melanoma Treated Beyond Progression: Analysis of 2 Phase 3 Clinical Trials

Georgina V. Long, MB, BS, PhD; Jeffrey S. Weber, MD, PhD; James Larkin, MD, PhD; et al.

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1511-1519. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1588

This pooled analysis of data from 2 phase 3 trials of nivolumab therapy in treatment-naive patients with advanced melanoma assesses the safety and efficacy of continuing treatment beyond progression.

Editorial
Treatment Beyond Progression With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors—Known Unknowns
Gideon M. Blumenthal, MD; Marc R. Theoret, MD; Richard Pazdur, MD

JAMA Oncol

Effect of the Addition of Cetuximab to Paclitaxel, Cisplatin, and Radiation Therapy for Patients With Esophageal Cancer: The NRG Oncology RTOG 0436 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial

Mohan Suntharalingam, MD, MBA; Kathryn Winter, MS; David Ilson, MD, PhD; et al.

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1520-1528. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1598

This randomized clinical trial examines the effect of the addition of EGFR inhibition to chemoradiation on survival outcomes for patients with esophageal cancer.

Development and Validation of an Individualized Immune Prognostic Signature in Early-Stage Nonsquamous Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Bailiang Li, PhD; Yi Cui, PhD; Maximilian Diehn, MD, PhD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1529-1537. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1609

This multiple-cohort study assesses a robust, individualized immune signature for estimating prognosis in patients with early-stage nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer.

Predictors of Hand-Foot Syndrome and Pyridoxine for Prevention of Capecitabine–Induced Hand-Foot Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Yoon-Sim Yap, MD; Li-Lian Kwok, MSc; Nicholas Syn, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1538-1545. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1269

This randomized clinical trial compares the incidence and time to onset of grade 2 or higher hand-foot syndrome in patients receiving pyridoxine vs placebo and identifies biomarkers predictive of hand-foot syndrome.

Genomic Profiling of Small-Bowel Adenocarcinoma

Alexa B. Schrock, PhD; Craig E. Devoe, MD; Robert McWilliams, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1546-1553. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1051

This cohort study evaluates the genomic profile of patients with small-bowel adenocarcinoma compared with colorectal cancer and gastric carcinoma.

Abiraterone Acetate for Metastatic Prostate Cancer in Patients With Suboptimal Biochemical Response to Hormone Induction

Thomas W. Flaig, MD; Melissa Plets, MS; Maha H. A. Hussain, MBChB; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):e170231. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0231

This study evaluated the use of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone in men with metastatic prostate cancer.

Role of Cytotoxic Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Predicting Outcomes in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

Shuzhen Liu, MD; Bingshu Chen, PhD; Samantha Burugu, MSc; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):e172085. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.2085

This secondary analysis of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial investigates the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in predicting outcomes in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer randomized to antibody vs small molecule–based anti-HER2 therapy.

Brief Report

Second Primary Malignant Neoplasms and Survival in Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors

Theresa H. M. Keegan, PhD; Archie Bleyer, MD; Aaron S. Rosenberg, MD; et al.

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1554-1557. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0465

This cohort study assessed the survival impact of second primary malignant neoplasms (SMPs) in adolescents and young adults compared with that of children and older adults with the same SPMs.

Association Between SLC16A5 Genetic Variation and Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxic Effects in Adult Patients With Testicular Cancer

Britt I. Drögemöller, PhD; Jose G. Monzon, MD, PhD; Amit P. Bhavsar, PhD; et al.

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1558-1562. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0502

This case-control study using 2 cohorts attempts to identify the genetic variants associated with cisplatin-induced ototoxic effects in adult patients with testicular cancer.

Association of Previous Clinical Breast Examination With Reduced Delays and Earlier-Stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis Among Women in Peru

Anya Romanoff, MD; Tara Hayes Constant, PhD, MPH, MA; Kay M. Johnson, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1563-1567. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1023

This cross-sectional study investigates whether history of previous clinical breast examination is associated with earlier presentation and/or earlier cancer stage at diagnosis among women in Peru.

Research Letter

Hospital-Based End-of-Life Care and Costs for Older Patients With Malignant Brain Tumors

Laura L. Dover, MD; Caleb R. Dulaney, MD; John B. Fiveash, MD; et al.

Abstract Full Text

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1581-1582. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1624

This study analyzes Medicare claims data associated with end-of-life hospitalization care and costs for elderly patients with a malignant brain tumor.

Out-of-Pocket Costs, Financial Distress, and Underinsurance in Cancer Care

Fumiko Chino, MD; Jeffrey M. Peppercorn, MD, MPH; Christel Rushing, MS; et al.

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JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1582-1584. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.2148

This cross-sectional survey study examines financial distress and cost expectations among patients with cancer presenting for anticancer therapy.

Review

Understanding the Genetic Landscape of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder and Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment: A Review

Erik J. Kouba, MD; Liang Cheng, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1570-1578. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.7013

This review investigates recent advances in the understanding of the genetics of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and the potential implications in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.

JAMA Oncology Clinical Challenge

An Erysipeloid Cutaneous Eruption in a Woman With Advanced Breast Cancer

Christina E. Alexander, MD; Melody Maarouf, MHS; Drew J. B. Kurtzman, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1579-1580. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.2325

A woman in her 60s with a history of metastatic breast cancer presented with a 3-month history of a progressive, asymptomatic cutaneous eruption of nontender discrete erysipeloid plaques on her chest and back. What is your diagnosis?

Viewpoint

Toward Palliative Care for All Patients With Advanced Cancer

Yael Schenker, MD, MAS; Robert Arnold, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1459-1460. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1059

This Viewpoint examines possible unintended harms of the new American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines that state that all patients with advanced cancer receive palliative care from interdisciplinary specialty palliative care teams.

To ProtecT Our Patients With Prostate Cancer

Daniel E. Spratt, MD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1461-1462. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0274

This Viewpoint examines the conclusions of the ProtecT randomized clinical trial and argues that, instead of radical therapy, appropriate patients for active surveillance should be chosen and active surveillance strategies optimized to avoid the small increased risk of distant metastasis seen in ProtecT.

Will Machine Learning Tip the Balance in Breast Cancer Screening?

Andrew D. Trister, MD, PhD; Diana S. M. Buist, PhD; Christoph I. Lee, MD, MS

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1463-1464. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.0473

This Viewpoint examines the potential use of machine learning to improve imaging-based breast cancer screening performance and associated patient outcomes.

The Trade-off Between Speed and Safety in Drug Approvals

Anupam B. Jena, MD, PhD; Jie Zhang, PhD; Darius N. Lakdawalla, PhD

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1465-1466. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2016.3337

This Viewpoint discusses the need to balance speed of approval and safety of drugs in the US Food and Drug Administration’s process of drug approval.

Biosimilars—Curb Your Enthusiasm

Y. Tony Yang, ScD, LLM, MPH; Brian Chen, JD, PhD; Charles L. Bennett, MD, PhD, MPP

Abstract Full Text

JAMA Oncol. 2017;3(11):1467-1468. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.1530

This Viewpoint discusses why the market for biosimilars and the cost savings related to their use have remained smaller than expected in the United States and suggests ways to rectify this situation.

Editorial