During the past eighteen months we have given intensive roentgen therapy to the posterior ocular segment in a series of patients with ocular diseases characterized by retinal and vitreous hemorrhages, with secondary fibrous tissue formation and with new-formed blood vessels extending into the vitreous. A total of 22 eyes in 14 patients have been so treated. The ocular disease was classified as typical Eales's disease in 8 of these patients, as atypical Eales's disease in 4 patients and as diabetic retinitis proliferans in 2 patients.