Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of vision loss in children worldwide and occurs only in premature infants. Retinopathy of prematurity can reduce vision by distorting the retinal architecture and/or causing complex tractional retinal detachments.1 However, besides ROP, there are other reasons that premature infants have visual dysfunction. Premature infants are vulnerable to refractive errors, myopia, strabismus, and resultant amblyopia. The premature infant’s brain is also susceptible to other central processing disorders, such as white matter disease that affects visual pathways and leads to a number of abnormalities in visual function, sometimes termed as cortical visual impairment.2