Is the Association of Retinal Venous Malformations With Venous Malformations of the Brain Clinically Meaningful?—Reply

In Reply We appreciate the interest that Lecler et al have shown in our article.¹ They make reasonable suggestions.

The prevalence of venous malformations of the brain that Lecler et al report is very similar to the values reported in the literature review of our article.¹ However, the prevalence in our cohort was higher than normal, ranging as high as 24%. In addition, 55% of the patients included in our study had previous magnetic resonance imaging of the brain available for review, and 37% of those had no vascular anomalies and thus might reasonably be considered as control participants whose data could serve as reference data. We also tried to avoid observation bias, in that all magnetic resonance imaging were read by a neuroradiologist who was not aware of the retina findings.