One of the most common causes of deprivation amblyopia is a unilateral congenital cataract (UCC). Deprivation amblyopia can be mitigated in these eyes with early cataract extraction followed by refractive correction with a contact lens or intraocular lens and part-time occlusion therapy. However, despite such labor- and cost-intensive treatment, a good visual outcome is by no means guaranteed in these eyes; fewer than 20% of them achieve visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and most of these children end up with no stereopsis and cosmetically significant strabismus. The recent completion of 10 years of follow-up of participants in the Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS) has added to our understanding of the visual and ophthalmic outcomes in this patient population.1