Despite the prominent contributions to contemporary ophthalmology by our colleagues from Japan, the history of vision sciences in that country is a subject about which few Western ophthalmologists know very much. Dr Mishima, a major innovator and contributor to modern ophthalmology, has crafted a masterful and comprehensive review of Japanese ophthalmology. Working in collaboration with 6 additional authors, Dr Mishima published this history to commemorate the centennial of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society.