In November, 1932, a report by Pirie,1 entitled "Seeing with Closed Eyes," was called to our attention by Dr. James Case. Pirie had noted that when roentgen rays were passed directly through the eyes without the interposition of the fluoroscopic screen a sensation of light was produced. He found that when a radiopaque letter was interposed between the tube and the eye, its shadow was seen as such against a background of greenish fluorescence, so that letters and words could be read. The effect was the same whether the eyes were open or closed. On testing a hundred normal observers, he found that all were able to read letters in this way after dark adaptation of from ten to fifteen minutes. He made use of this phenomenon in localizing foreign bodies in the eye. A radiopaque circle with cross-bars was held before the eye ; by the patient's location