Among the varied manifestations of hysteria it is not infrequent to find ocular disturbances which dominate or contribute to the symptom complex. The most common expressions of disturbances of this nature are visual. Extremes of visual abnormality are encountered, varying from slightly diminished visual acuity to amaurosis, and monocular diplopia or even polyopia is an occasional symptom. Objective disturbances of vision, as shown by the visual fields, can also frequently be found. These include tubular fields of vision, spiral fields of vision and reversal of color fields.
Ocular manifestations of hysteria are not limited to photosensory disturbances but occasionally are manifested by neuromuscular excesses or weaknesses of the eye and its adnexa. Thus, blepharospasm is an occasional occurrence of functional origin. Spasm and paralysis of the ciliary muscle and hippus were stated by Shastid1 to occur as the result of hysteria. Bielschowsky2 looked critically on spasms and palsies