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After an introduction on the anatomy of the maxillary sinus and of the orbit, in which the important relation of the orbit to the associated sinuses is stressed, the clinical symptoms of maxillary sinusitis are described, as well as the etiology, diagnosis and clinical course. The complications are then taken up, and those affecting the orbit are regarded as the most important. The complications consist in abscess of the orbit and palpebro-orbital abscess, thrombophlebitis and varioús inflammations of the interior of the eye, such as chorioretinitis, glaucoma, detachment of the retina and papillitis. A final chapter is devoted to the association of the maxillary sinuses with trachoma. The author was encouraged by the results obtained in the treatment of trachoma by treating the maxillary antrum, and a number of case reports are added.