This paper will be limited to the consideration of three urologic diseases associated with hypertension : pyelonephritis, hydronephrosis and polycystic kidney. These diseases may exist independently, or they may be combined. In several patients with one or another of these conditions, who were referred to me during the past year for an ophthalmologic report, examination disclosed various grades of lesions of the fundus.
In reviewing the ophthalmologic literature, I was unable to find any paper on this subject, although Longcope,1 Weiss and Parker2 and other internists and urologists in their papers on pyelonephritis and other urologic conditions reported the presence of lesions of the fundus. It is significant to find that in severe urologic diseases with persistent hypertension the changes in the fundus are similar to those observed with essential hypertension, chronic glomerulonephritis, toxemia of pregnancy and, rarely, arteriosclerosis. The question whether the hypertension or the urologic disease or