At the October 1964, meeting of the Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, during a teaching session, one of us (F.W.) remarked on papilledema occurring in a woman who had been using an oral contraceptive, and that he was not aware of any such case having been reported. Other members of the panel (Drs. Thomas Hedges, Donald Lyle, and Lawton Smith) and a colleague in the assembled group had also pondered the possible untoward effects of such substances on the basis of personal experiences or communications with their colleagues. The panel associates agreed that we were obligated to investigate the problem in our respective areas and to put together a report. This is a report of such an investigation, for which the present authors are responsible. After having talked with Dr. David Cogan it seemed expedient to place an editorial in the Archives of Ophthalmology with a single purpose: to uncover