Acute ocular inflammation was produced in sensitized rabbits by the intracameral injection of bovine serum. When the rabbits were treated with hydrocortisone or the nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agent, indomethacin (Indocin), by the intramuscular or topical route the degree of inflammation was markedly reduced. Topical hydrocortisone and indomethacin did not alter wound healing in the rabbit cornea. Indomethacin did not alter the course of corneal infection due to the RE and PH strains of Herpesvirus hominis, whereas, hydrocortisone made the course of this infection worse. Indomethacin and hydrocortisone did not inhibit the antiviral effects of idoxuridine on herpetic keratitis of the rabbit cornea.