In this cohort study, Kim and colleagues evaluated the risk of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by disease phenotype (with and without nasal polyps) using a nationwide insurance data set of 48 672 participants. The authors found that the overall incidence of depression during the 11-year follow-up was 1.51-fold higher in the CRS group than in the non-CRS group. The incidence of anxiety was also higher in the CRS group than in the comparison group. Participants with CRS without nasal polyps were more at risk for anxiety and depression. McCoul provides an Invited Commentary.