Objective: To examine the expression of EphB4 in cigarette-smoking and nonsmoking patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to determine its role in tumor growth and metastasis, key factors associated with patient survival.
Design: Expression of EphB4 was determined by Western blot, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical staining from fresh and archival tissues.
Setting: University medical center otolaryngology–head and neck surgery department.