A boy, aged 5 years, was admitted to the Mayo Clinic, March 23, 1924. Early in February he had had measles. A week later he began to have pain in both ears, and at the end of four days both drums ruptured spontaneously. The right ear stopped discharging in two days and began to pain again, rupturing after a few hours. During this time the temperature was elevated somewhat, but the parents did not know how much. Mastoid pain was considerable. Both ears continued to discharge and the temperature remained high. After three weeks a bilateral mastoid operation was done; following this, chills and a septic type of temperature developed. At one time the temperature was 107.4 by rectum; it remained above 102. The child became greatly emaciated, and very intractable. The home physician wanted to give a transfusion, and operate again on the mastoids. This was refused and the