In 1925 Brill, Baehr and Rosenthal1 described a previously unrecognized disease entity characterized by generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly and associated with a normal blood picture. The diseased structures exhibited a rapid and complete response to roentgenotherapy, although the authors at this time were unable to say whether the response was only temporary or was permanent. Histologic study revealed giant lymph follicle hyperplasia of the lymph nodes associated with a similar pathologic process in the malpighian bodies of the spleen, with resultant enlargement of these structures. The disease was considered by the authors to be benign. Attention had first been called to this condition by the examination of a lymph node and spleen removed from a patient who died following splenectomy in 1914. The observation of 2 cases in which the condition was similar subsequently led the authors to report these and to attempt to establish this condition as a distinct