• The many-faceted reasons for patient dissatisfaction with the results of cosmetic procedures are discussed within a broad context, encompassing causative, preventive, and management factors. Psychological manifestations as they relate to patient expectations and disappointments are exposed, and solutions proposed. The author recommends that the surgeon adopt an affirmative, rather than a defensive, approach to the problem.
(Arch Otolaryngol 106:466-471, 1980)