In the last two decades the subject of diaphragmatic hernia has been receiving increasing attention largely as a result of the almost universal routine employment of roentgenologic examination and partly as a result of the fact that a large number of traumatic cases occurred during the World War. The recognition of a case of diaphragmatic hernia in a new-born infant led us to review the literature on the subject and, while we found that several studies had been made on adults (Giffin,1 Åkerlund,2 Richards,3 Quenu,4 Cade and Montez5), we noticed that only one report (Kienbock's6) was concerned with infants and children. Kienbock's study, however, was made on a comparatively small number of patients (twenty-two). Latta's7 study in 1922 was concerned purely with the pathologic examination, and little attention was given to symptomatology and physical signs. We therefore thought it advisable to review the