In 1882 Ernest Gaucher1 described a form of splenic anemia which he termed "primary idiopathic hypertrophy of the spleen," and which today bears his name. It was not until thirteen years later that Collier2 in England, and Picou and Ramond3 in France, described the next cases. In 1900, Bovaird4 reported the first American case. In 1904, Brill and Mandlebaum5 added the next case to the literature, in which they described for the first time the occurrence of the large characteristic cells in the bone-marrow, and also added much to the knowledge of the pathology of this disease. Schlagenhaufer,6 in 1907, reported the first case in the German literature. Since then, cases have been reported at regular intervals and with increased frequency. Mandlebaum,7 in 1919. stated that up to date there were twenty-one authentic cases on record. Ludwig Pick,8 in 1926, collected thirty-nine