Among the cases of splenomegaly encountered in pediatric practice there are many that closely resemble Banti's disease in their clinical and laboratory aspects. These lead to errors in diagnosis. Cases originally reported as Banti's disease are proved, on further study or at autopsy, to be cases of splenomegaly due to some obstruction in the portal circulation, with a coexisting thrombosis or sclerosis of the splenic or portal veins. Thus, Marie Haenelt,1 in reporting a case of this kind, mentioned eight cases found in the literature which were designated as Banti's disease but which at autopsy were proved to be cases of either portal or splenic phlebosclerosis. This condition is rather rare in children but is of great importance to the pediatrician, for not infrequently some of its causative factors and clinical manifestations make their first appearance during infancy. We are therefore reporting a case of this type in an