In 1927, one of us (Dr. Bonar) reported the fifth case of so-called primary anemia of the new-born.1 The frequency with which this condition has been observed is shown by the review of Pasachoff and Wilson,2 who found that since the initial report of Ecklin3 in 1919, fourteen cases have been recorded and fourteen more have been mentioned but not described. Subsequent to this review Happ4 and McNiel5 have reported two additional cases.
In January, 1931, after completing the examination of a normal newly born infant at the Salt Lake County Hospital, the surname of this infant was noticed to be identical with that of the infant described in 1927. Later investigation proved the two infants to be offsprings of the same mother but of different fathers. Examination of the blood taken on the day of birth showed results within normal limits, but because the