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This book is based on the authors' studies of 560 cases of epilepsy, 439 cases of mania, 181 cases of encephalopathy, 86 cases of Little's disease and 81 cases of hemiplegia. For epilepsy, syphilis was the cause in 39 per cent of the cases, obstetric trauma in 15 per cent, prematurity in 1.5 per cent and alcoholism in 2.5 per cent. The cause was unknown in 40 per cent. The proportion was practically the same for mania. For encephalopathy, syphilis was the cause in 42 per cent of the cases, trauma in 29 per cent and prematurity in 13 per cent. The cause was unknown in 28 per cent. For hemiplegia, syphilis was the cause in 40 per cent of the cases, trauma in 33 per cent, alcoholism in 2.5 per cent and prematurity in 5 per cent. For Little's disease, syphilis was the cause in only 23 per cent