It has been 15 years since child health services research (CHSR) began emerging as a distinct field, living at the intersection of the greater health services research (HSR) community and the pediatric research world.1 In 1999, an invitational conference explored the state of the science in CHSR, including public and private funding opportunities, networks for conducting research, and uses of research in policy and practice. Since that time, CHSR has become listed as a distinct topic in the National Library of Medicine's HSR resource center, and child health is an annual theme at the Annual Research Meeting of AcademyHealth. We have also learned much about the care that children and adolescents receive—its safety, quality, and effectiveness—and about which children are most at risk for poor health outcomes. Health policy has been successfully informed by CHSR, most notably in the reauthorization of the Children's Health Insurance Program. Finally, a decade of quality efforts is resulting in care improvements, albeit modest ones and not for all children.