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Abnormalities of the urinary tract of children, apparently, are not prevalent.1 But accurate methods of diagnosis are almost universally neglected. The majority of these little patients are unable to describe their symptoms or to indicate the type and degree of their suffering. When indications for accurate investigation do arise, one hesitates to subject a helpless baby to painful methods of study. The real anxiety should lie in regard to the wisdom of our clinical interpretation. It is probably a greater error to miss making an early diagnosis through neglect of proper examination than to mistake the indication and unnecessarily subject the child to the examination. These considerations are particularly prominent in urologic diagnosis, which so frequently requires an anesthetic and cystoscopy. Nevertheless, if technically possible and perfectly safe, is it logical to neglect in children those methods unhesitatingly used for the diagnosis of similar conditions in adults?2
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