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Refraction is presented in this book in a rather different manner from that of most texts on this subject. As the author states, the book presupposes an existing knowledge of the anatomy of the eye and of the principles of optics, so that these subjects are not as fully developed as in previous standard texts. However, an unusually large amount of space is devoted to the physiology of the ocular muscles. The author particularly stresses the part of fusion and what he terms "vergence stimulus-response mechanism" in ocular muscle deviations. There is an extensive discussion of the role of accommodation in muscle imbalance, including the diagnosis and treatment of the various types. He particularly condemns the use of base-out prisms as advocated by some in the treatment of esotropia in children.
Less than one-third of the book is devoted to refraction itself, but there is a good presentation of various