From Kraepelin to Kretschmer Leavened by Schneider: The Transition From Categories of Psychosis to Dimensions of Variation Intrinsic to Homo sapiens

THE KRAEPELINIAN^1,2 binary system, it may be said, is dead, but the tyranny of its influence lives on. Notwithstanding a series of critical evaluations,^3-6 it pervades textbooks, examinations, and every set of operational diagnostic criteria. Late in life, Kraepelin tried to get the genie back into the bottle: