The genetics and biology underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is at an exciting inflection point, with progress being made rapidly in many areas. Stein and colleagues,1 in this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, present the largest effort to date in identifying genetic correlates of PTSD. Their work represents the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) from the large Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) collaborative team. Because the genetic components underlying differential risk and resilience in the aftermath of trauma have only recently been appreciated, these findings point in exciting new directions to important biological targets for advancing understanding and potentially intervention in the aftermath of trauma.