In this issue of JAMA Psychiatry, DeRubeis et al1 present the second phase of an elegantly designed study that has yielded results that will inform patient care and future research. A paucity of studies is available to inform the long-term treatment of persistent major depressive disorder (MDD), either chronic or recurrent.2 Most studies have focused on short-term treatment with single interventions, and many longer-term studies have not been controlled.