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This volume is the first of the Proceedings of the Pavlovian Society, founded in 1955 at the twenty-fifth Anniversary meeting of the Pavlovian Laboratory at the Phipps Psychiatric Clinic, The Johns Hopkins University. The Pavlovian Society, long a dream of Dr. Gantt's, has as its immediate purpose the study of normal and abnormal behavior and the causes of the deviations of behavior by applying Pavlov's conditional reflex method. The ultimate aim is to develop an objective psychiatry which views events, phenomena, or ideas "as external or apart from self-consciousness" and which "re-enters the medical fold" (Gellhorn). Part I contains all but one of the papers (Liddell's) presented at the Anniversary meetings. Part II contains five of the papers presented at the first meeting of the Pavlovian Society, held the following year in Liddell's laboratories in Ithaca. Part III is a compendium of nearly