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As with other volumes of the series of Progress in Brain Research, this publication meets the increasing need for authoritative reviews in an everexpanding field. This volume contains the papers presented at a symposium of the same title (held in connection with the VIth International Congress Collegium Internationale Neuro-psychopharacologium, Washington, DC, 1966); such proceedings often fail to deal with the subject matter in a comprehensive way and the present volume is not an exception. The selection of the topics is much more restricted than the title of the book suggests. Modern electrophysiological techniques, particularly intracellular microelectrode studies, are relatively underemphasized, although the recent investigations of Krnjevic and Curtis have opened new views in the analysis of central depolarizing and hyperpolarizing muscarinic receptors and excitatory nicotinic sites. Differences between nicotinic and muscarinic actions are not analyzed intimately, thereby allowing one of the