Original Investigation
Virtual Histology of Cortical Thickness and Shared Neurobiology in 6 Psychiatric Disorders
Writing Committee for the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Bipolar Disorder; Major Depressive Disorder; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; and Schizophrenia ENIGMA Working Groups; Yash Patel, BHSc; Nadine Parker, MSc; Jean Shin, PhD; Derek Howard, MSc; Leon French, PhD; Sophia I. Thomopoulos, BA; Elena Pozzi, PhD; Yoshinari Abe, MD, PhD; Christoph Abé, PhD; Alan Anticevic, PhD; Martin Alda, MD; Andre Aleman, PhD; Clara Alloza, PhD; Silvia Alonso-Lana, PhD; Stephanie H. Ameis, MD, MSc; Evdokia Anagnostou, MD; Andrew A. McIntosh, MD; Celso Arango, MD, PhD; Paul D. Arnold, MD, PhD; Philip Asherson, MBBS, PhD; Francesca Assogna, PhD; Guillaume Auzias, PhD; Rosa Ayesa-Arriola, PhD; Geor Bakker, PhD; Nerisa Banaj, PhD; Tobias Banaschewski, MD, PhD; Cibele E. Bandeira, MSc; Alexandr Baranov, MD, PhD; Núria Bargalló, MD, PhD; Claiton H. D. Bau, PhD; Sarah Baumeister, PhD; Bernhard T. Baune, MD, PhD; Mark A. Bellgrove, PhD; Francesco Benedetti, MD; Alessandro Bertolino, MD, PhD; Premika S. W. Boedhoe, PhD; Marco Boks, MD, PhD; Irene Bollettini, PhD; Caterina del Mar Bonnin, PhD; Tiana Borgers, MSc; Stefan Borgwardt, MD; Daniel Brandeis, PhD; Brian P. Brennan, MD; Jason M. Bruggemann, PhD; Robin Bülow, MD; Geraldo F. Busatto, MD, PhD; Sara Calderoni, MD, PhD; Vince D. Calhoun, PhD; Rosa Calvo, MD, PhD; Erick J. Canales-Rodríguez, PhD; Dara M. Cannon, PhD; Vaughan J. Carr, MD; Nicola Cascella, MD; Mara Cercignani, PhD; Tiffany M. Chaim-Avancini, MD, PhD; Anastasia Christakou, PhD; David Coghill, MD; Annette Conzelmann, PhD; Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, MD, PhD; Ana I. Cubillo, PhD; Kathryn R. Cullen, MD; Renata B. Cupertino, PhD; Eileen Daly, PhD; Udo Dannlowski, MD, PhD; Christopher G. Davey, MBBS(Hons), PhD; Damiaan Denys, MD, PhD; Christine Deruelle, PhD; Annabella Di Giorgio, MD, PhD; Erin W. Dickie, PhD; Danai Dima, PhD; Katharina Dohm, PhD; Stefan Ehrlich, MD, PhD; Benjamin A. Ely, PhD; Tracy Erwin-Grabner, PsyD, MA; Thomas Ethofer, MD; Damien A. Fair, PA-C, PhD; Andreas J. Fallgatter, MD; Stephen V. Faraone, PhD; Mar Fatjó-Vilas, PhD; Jennifer M. Fedor, BS; Kate D. Fitzgerald, MD; Judith M. Ford, PhD; Thomas Frodl, MD, PhD; Cynthia H. Y. Fu, MD, PhD; Janice M. Fullerton, PhD; Matt C. Gabel, PhD; David C. Glahn, PhD; Gloria Roberts, PhD; Tinatin Gogberashvili, PhD; Jose M. Goikolea, MD, PhD; Ian H. Gotlib, PhD; Roberto Goya-Maldonado, MD; Hans J. Grabe, MD; Melissa J. Green, PhD; Eugenio H. Grevet, MD, PhD; Nynke A. Groenewold, PhD; Dominik Grotegerd, PhD; Oliver Gruber, MD; Patricia Gruner, PhD; Amalia Guerrero-Pedraza, MD, PhD; Raquel E. Gur, MD, PhD; Ruben C. Gur, PhD; Shlomi Haar, PhD; Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman, MD, PhD; Jan Haavik, MD, PhD; Tim Hahn, PhD; Tomas Hajek, MD, PhD; Benjamin J. Harrison, PhD; Neil A. Harrison, MD, PhD; Catharina A. Hartman, PhD; Heather C. Whalley, PhD; Dirk J. Heslenfeld, PhD; Derrek P. Hibar, PhD; Eva Hilland, PhD; Yoshiyuki Hirano, PhD; Tiffany C. Ho, PhD; Pieter J. Hoekstra, MD, PhD; Liesbeth Hoekstra, MD; Sarah Hohmann, MD, PhD; L. E. Hong, MD; Cyril Höschl, MD, DrSc; Marie F. Høvik, MD; Fleur M. Howells, PhD; Igor Nenadic, MD; Maria Jalbrzikowski, PhD; Anthony C. James, MD, MPhil; Joost Janssen, PhD; Fern Jaspers-Fayer, PhD; Jian Xu, PhD; Rune Jonassen, PhD; Georgii Karkashadze, PhD; Joseph A. King, PhD; Tilo Kircher, MD, PhD; Matthias Kirschner, MD; Kathrin Koch, PhD; Peter Kochunov, PhD; Gregor Kohls, PhD; Kerstin Konrad, PhD; Bernd Krämer, PhD; Axel Krug, PhD; Jonna Kuntsi, PhD; Jun Soo Kwon, MD, PhD; Mikael Landén, MD, PhD; Nils I. Landrø, PhD; Luisa Lazaro, MD, PhD; Irina S. Lebedeva, PhD; Elisabeth J. Leehr, PhD; Sara Lera-Miguel, PhD; Klaus-Peter Lesch, MD; Christine Lochner, PhD; Mario R. Louza, MD, PhD; Beatriz Luna, PhD; Astri J. Lundervold, PhD; Frank P. MacMaster, PhD; Luigi A. Maglanoc, PhD; Charles B. Malpas, PhD; Maria J. Portella, PhD; Rachel Marsh, PhD; Fiona M. Martyn, BSc; David Mataix-Cols, PhD; Daniel H. Mathalon, PhD, MD; Hazel McCarthy, PhD; Colm McDonald, PhD; Genevieve McPhilemy, PhD; Susanne Meinert, MSc; José M. Menchón, MD, PhD; Luciano Minuzzi, MD, PhD; Philip B. Mitchell, MBBS, MD; Carmen Moreno, MD, PhD; Pedro Morgado, MD, PhD; Filippo Muratori, MD; Clodagh M. Murphy, MD, PhD; Declan Murphy, MD; Benson Mwangi, PhD; Leila Nabulsi, PhD; Akiko Nakagawa, MD, PhD; Takashi Nakamae, MD, PhD; Leyla Namazova, MD, PhD; Janardhanan Narayanaswamy, MD; Neda Jahanshad, PhD; Danai D. Nguyen, PhD; Rosa Nicolau, MSc; Ruth L. O'Gorman Tuura, PhD; Kirsten O'Hearn, PhD; Jaap Oosterlaan, PhD; Nils Opel, MD; Roel A. Ophoff, PhD; Bob Oranje, PhD; Victor Ortiz García de la Foz, BSc; Bronwyn J. Overs, BPsych(Hons); Yannis Paloyelis, PhD; Christos Pantelis, MD; Mara Parellada, MD, PhD; Paul Pauli, PhD; Maria Picó-Pérez, PhD; Felipe A. Picon, PhD; Fabrizio Piras, PhD; Federica Piras, PhD; Kerstin J. Plessen, MD, PhD; Edith Pomarol-Clotet, MD, PhD; Adrian Preda, MD; Olga Puig, PhD; Yann Quidé, PhD; Joaquim Radua, MD, PhD; J. Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, MD, PhD; Paul E. Rasser, MSc; Lisa Rauer, MSc; Janardhan Reddy, MD; Ronny Redlich, PhD; Andreas Reif, MD; Liesbeth Reneman, MD, PhD; Jonathan Repple, MD; Alessandra Retico, PhD; Vanesa Richarte, MD; Anja Richter, PhD; Pedro G. P. Rosa, MD; Katya K. Rubia, PhD; Ryota Hashimoto, MD, PhD; Matthew D. Sacchet, PhD; Raymond Salvador, PhD; Javier Santonja, MSc; Kelvin Sarink, BSc; Salvador Sarró, MD, PhD; Theodore D. Satterthwaite, MD; Akira Sawa, MD, PhD; Ulrich Schall, MD, PhD, DSc; Peter R. Schofield, PhD, DSc; Anouk Schrantee, PhD; Jochen Seitz, MD; Mauricio H. Serpa, MD, PhD; Esther Setién-Suero, PhD; Philip Shaw, PhD; Devon Shook, PhD; Tim J. Silk, PhD; Kang Sim, MD; Schmitt Simon, MSc; Helen Blair Simpson, MD, PhD; Aditya Singh, MS; Antonin Skoch, MD, PhD; Norbert Skokauskas, MD, PhD; Jair C. Soares, MD, PhD; Noam Soreni, MD; Carles Soriano-Mas, PhD; Gianfranco Spalletta, MD, PhD; Filip Spaniel, MD, PhD; Stephen M. Lawrie, MD; Emily R. Stern, PhD; S. Evelyn Stewart, MD; Yoichiro Takayanagi, MD, PhD; Henk S. Temmingh, MD, PhD; David F. Tolin, PhD; David Tomecek, MSc; Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, PhD; Michela Tosetti, PhD; Anne Uhlmann, PhD; Therese van Amelsvoort, MD, PhD; Nic J. A. van der Wee, MD, PhD; Steven J. A. van der Werff, PhD; Neeltje E. M. van Haren, PhD; Guido A. van Wingen, PhD; Alasdair Vance, MD, PhD; Javier Vázquez-Bourgon, MD, PhD; Daniela Vecchio, PhD; Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, MD, PhD; Eduard Vieta, MD, PhD; Oscar Vilarroya, MD, PhD; Yolanda Vives-Gilabert, PhD; Aristotle N. Voineskos, MD, PhD; Henry Völzke, MD; Georg G. von Polier, MD; Esther Walton, PhD; Thomas W. Weickert, PhD; Cynthia Shannon Weickert, PhD; Andrea S. Weideman, MBA; Katharina Wittfeld, PhD; Daniel H. Wolf, MD, PhD; Mon-Ju Wu, PhD; T. T. Yang, MD, PhD; Kun Yang, PhD; Yuliya Yoncheva, PhD; Je-Yeon Yun, MD, PhD; Yuqi Cheng, PhD; Marcus V. Zanetti, MD, PhD; Georg C. Ziegler, MD; Barbara Franke, PhD; Martine Hoogman, PhD; Jan K. Buitelaar, MD, PhD; Daan van Rooij, PhD; Ole A. Andreassen, MD, PhD; Christopher R. K. Ching, PhD; Dick J. Veltman, MD, PhD; Lianne Schmaal, PhD; Dan J. Stein, MD, PhD; Odile A. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD; Jessica A. Turner, PhD; Theo G. M. van Erp, PhD; Zdenka Pausova, MD; Paul M. Thompson, PhD; Tomáš Paus, MD, PhD
JAMA Psychiatry