Vickers et al1 present an intriguing study that examines gene transfer using an adenoviral vector into a vascularized human cadaveric pancreas. The authors demonstrate that infusion of concentrated (1×1010 plaque-forming units per milliliter) adenoviral vector into the pancreatic duct leads to transduction of the ductal cells as demonstrated by expression of a marker, the Escherichia coli β-galactosidase (LacZ) gene. Previous studies have demonstrated that animal tissues are readily transduced by adenoviral vectors, including tissues of higher animals such as the pig and primate. For example, we have shown that cultured human hepatocytes are transduced to a high degree of efficiency by adenoviral vectors.2 Similarly, respiratory epithelium is transduced by adenoviral vectors delivered directly to the respiratory mucosa in patients with cystic fibrosis.3 This study is the first demonstration of in vivo transduction of normal human pancreatic ductal cells with adenoviral vectors.