Representation of women and minority populations remains low in surgery. In 1964, 93% of all US medical students were male and 97% were non-Hispanic white.1 Women were only recognized in surgery in the late 20th century.2 Today, women make up less than 25% of multiple surgical specialties.3 African American and Hispanic American individuals each compose about only 3% to 4% of academic surgical faculty.4 We investigated the trends in sex and racial/ethnic diversity of the applicant pool to US surgical residency and fellowship programs throughout the past decade.