JAMA Surgery

Mission Statement: To promote the art and science of surgery by publishing relevant peer-reviewed research to assist the surgeon in optimizing patient care. JAMA Surgery will also serve as a forum for the discussion of issues pertinent to surgery, such as the education and training of the surgical workforce, quality improvement, and the ethics and economics of health care delivery.

• Editor Melina R. Kibbe, MD

• Adil H. Haider, MD, MPH, Boston, Massachusetts

• Timothy M. Pawlik, MD, MPH, MTS, PhD, Columbus, Ohio

• Julie Ann Sosa, MD, MA, Durham, North Carolina

• Terri Carter

• Phone: (312) 464-4444

• jamasurg@jamanetwork.org

• Gerard M. Doherty, MD, Boston, Massachusetts

• Justin B. Dimick, MD, MPH, Ann Arbor, Michigan

• Amalia L. Cochran, MD, Salt Lake City, Utah

• Pamela A. Lipsett, MD, MHPE, Baltimore, Maryland

• Terry Hyslop, PhD, Durham, North Carolina

• Amy H. Kaji, MD, PhD, Torrance, California

• Alfred W. Rademaker, PhD, Chicago, Illinois

• Karl Y. Bilimoria, MD, MS, Chicago, Illinois

• Danny Chu, MD, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

• Dai H. Chung, MD, Nashville, Tennessee

• Quan-Yang Duh, MD, San Francisco, California

• James W. Fleshman Jr, MD, Dallas, Texas

• Yuman Fong, MD, Duarte, California

• Elliot R. Haut, MD, PhD, Baltimore, Maryland

• Jonathan R. Hiatt, MD, Los Angeles, California

• O. Joe Hines, MD, Los Angeles, California

• Kamal M. F. Itani, MD, West Roxbury, Massachusetts

• Eric K. Nakakura, MD, PhD, San Francisco, California

• Lisa A. Newman, MD, MPH, Ann Arbor, Michigan

• Gilbert R. Upchurch Jr, MD, Charlottesville, Virginia

• Sherry M. Wren, MD, Palo Alto, California

• Brian S. Zuckerbraun, MD, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

• Juan I. Arcelus, MD, PhD, Granada, Spain

• Kevin C. P. Conlon, MA, MCh, MBA, Dublin, Ireland

• Marco Del Chiaro, MD, PhD, Stockholm, Sweden

• Liane S. Feldman, MD, CM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

• Alberto R. Ferreres, MD, PhD, JD, MPH, Buenos Aires, Argentina

• Andrew G. Hill, MBChB, MD, EdD, Auckland, New Zealand

• Simon Y. K. Law, MBBChir, MS, Hong Kong

• Dimitrios A. Linos, MD, PhD, Marousi, Greece

• Olle Ljungqvist, MD, PhD, Örebro, Sweden

• Chung-Mau Lo, MBBS, MS(HK), Hong Kong

• Avery B. Nathens, MD, MPH, PhD, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

• John A. Windsor, MD, Auckland, New Zealand

• Manabu Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan

• Han-Kwang Yang, MD, PhD, Seoul, South Korea

• Cheng-Har Yip, MBBS, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

• Dean Lewis, MD, 1920-1940

• Waltman Walters, MD, 1941-1942; 1946-1961

• Lester Dragstedt, MD, 1943-1945

• J. Garrett Allen, MD, 1962-1969

• Richard Warren, MD, 1970-1976

• Arthur Baue, MD, 1977-1988

• Claude H. Organ Jr, MD, 1989-2004

• Julie Ann Freischlag, MD, 2005-2014

• Offices: 330 N Wabash Ave, Chicago, IL 60611

• Editor in Chief, The JAMA Network Howard Bauchner, MD

• Executive Editor Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA

• Executive Managing Editor Annette Flanagin

• Managing Editor Brenda Gregoline

• Deputy Managing Editor Tracy Frey

• Manuscript Editors Kevin Brown, Amanda Ehrhardt, Iris Y. Lo, Michaela Mark, M. Sophia Newman, Suzanne Walker

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Manager Connie L. Manno

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Coordinators Sara M. Billings, Timothy Gray, Paul Ruich

• Freelance Copy Editors and Copyreaders Catherine A. Alden, Stephanie Lang Beckmeyer, Jane Calayag, Jan Clavey, Mary Coerver-Connolly, Paula Glitman, Laura King, Brandy Y. Patton, Donna J. Thordsen

• Editorial Assistant Wanda Hill

• Directors Larry Bryant, Monica Mungle, Elaine Williams

• Managers and Staff Fanny L. Brown, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Erin Kato, Peter K. Kim, Rachell Lozano, Caroline Sietmann, Elizabeth Zak

• Deputy Editor and Director Michael Berkwits, MD

• Director, Development and Design Michelle Kurzynski

• Manager, Digital Media Production Eric Butkus

• Staff Carrie Butt, Mary Lynn Ferkaluk, Emily Ling, Daniel Morrow, Reuben Rios

• Deputy Editor and Director Ronna Henry, MD

• Staff Karen Bucher, Andy Rekito, Nick Reback, David Song

• Deputy Editor Edward H. Livingston, MD

• CME Editor Thomas B. Cole, MD, MPH

• Director Marla A. Hall

• Staff Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis

• Editorial Counsel Joseph P. Thornton, JD

• Manager Deanna Bellandi

• Staff Jim Michalski

• Senior Vice President and Publisher, Periodical Publications Thomas J. Easley

• Vice President, Publishing Business Operations Brian Shields

• Vice President, Publishing Production Operations Karen Adams-Taylor

• Vice President, Digital Product Management and Development Paul Gee

• Staff Monica Smith

• Director Jeffery J. Bonistalli

• Manager Kathy Russell

• Staff Mirna Monal

• Sales Representative Stacey McHugh

• Director, Marketing Mark Thornbury

• Staff Tricia Castellano

• Manager Thalia Moss

• Staff Susan J. Henning, Tiffani Stevenson

• Manager Susan Lovenberg

• Director, Worldwide Sales Vida Damijonaitis

• Managers Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian McCartney

• Sales Representative Christine Hearne, Natasha Nekola

• Staff David Baum, Ron Thomas

• Directors Elizabeth Solaro

• Associate Publisher/Senior Product Development Geoffrey Flick

• Managers Rick Bell, Fergus Clare, Lindsay Dawson, Will English IV, Ellen Gibson, Mustafa Ishaq, Craig McCaffrey, Michael McGraw, Daniel Pickhardt, Romando Rossini, Stacy Tucker

• Business Analyst Sirisha Alluri

• Staff Millette Jackson-Bates

• Directors Karl Elvin, Nancy Essex, Jaye Mize, Sean O’Donnell, Sue Sherrill

• Managers David Antos, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Jordynn Farrar, Tiffany Jones, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J.D. Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'Leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Binita Shah, Denise Steinhauser, Erin Van Dusen, Joe Wixted

• Advertising and Production Services Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Rhonda Bailey Brown, Fin Carter, Daniel DeGroot, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Joshua Lane, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara

• Circulation Services Julie Burton, Mary Sieck, Sarah Subramanian, Geneine Van Someren

• Composition and New Media Gail Barrett, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Mary Ann Kuranda, Joshua Lampinen, Nathan Mitre, Patricia E. Panek, La'son Diggs Sledge

• Graphics Joe Amft, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski

• Proofreading Carol Joy Farrell, Daniel James, Judith A. Literskis, Teresa H. Omiotek, Michael Ryder

• Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer James L. Madara, MD

• Chief Operating Officer Bernard L. Hengesbaugh

The JAMA Network is a consortium of peer-reviewed print and online medical publications that includes JAMA®, JAMA Surgery, and other specialty journals. JAMA Surgery does not hold itself responsible for statements made by any contributor. All articles published, including opinion articles, represent the views of the authors and do not reflect the policy of the Journal, the American Medical Association, or the institution with which the author is affiliated, unless otherwise indicated.

©2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.