JAMA Surgery

Mission Statement: To promote the art and science of surgery by publishing relevant peer-reviewed research to assist the surgeon in optimizing patient care. JAMA Surgery will also serve as a forum for the discussion of issues pertinent to surgery, such as the education and training of the surgical workforce, quality improvement, and the ethics and economics of health care delivery.

• Editor Melina R. Kibbe, MD

• Adil H. Haider, MD, MPH, Boston, Massachusetts

• Timothy M. Pawlik, MD, MPH, MTS, PhD, Columbus, Ohio

• Jennifer Tseng, MD, MPH, Boston, Massachusetts

• Terri Carter

• Phone: (312) 464-4444

• jamasurg@jamanetwork.org

• Gerard M. Doherty, MD, Boston, Massachusetts

• Justin B. Dimick, MD, MPH, Ann Arbor, Michigan

• Amalia L. Cochran, MD, Salt Lake City, Utah

• Pamela A. Lipsett, MD, MHPE, Baltimore, Maryland

• Jason S. Haukoos, MD, MSc, Denver, Colorado

• Amy H. Kaji, MD, PhD, Torrance, California

• Todd A. Schwartz, DrPH, MS, Chapel Hill, NC

• Karl Y. Bilimoria, MD, MS, Chicago, Illinois

• Danny Chu, MD, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

• Dai H. Chung, MD, Nashville, Tennessee

• Quan-Yang Duh, MD, San Francisco, California

• James W. Fleshman Jr, MD, Dallas, Texas

• Yuman Fong, MD, Duarte, California

• Elliott R. Haut, MD, PhD, Baltimore, Maryland

• Jonathan R. Hiatt, MD, Los Angeles, California

• O. Joe Hines, MD, Los Angeles, California

• Kamal M. F. Itani, MD, West Roxbury, Massachusetts

• Eric K. Nakakura, MD, PhD, San Francisco, California

• Lisa A. Newman, MD, MPH, Ann Arbor, Michigan

• Gilbert R. Upchurch Jr, MD, Gainesville, Florida

• Sherry M. Wren, MD, Palo Alto, California

• Brian S. Zuckerbraun, MD, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

• Juan I. Arcelus, MD, PhD, Granada, Spain

• Kevin C. P. Conlon, MA, MCh, MBA, Dublin, Ireland

• Marco Del Chiaro, MD, PhD, Stockholm, Sweden

• Liane S. Feldman, MD, CM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

• Alberto R. Ferreres, MD, PhD, JD, MPH, Buenos Aires, Argentina

• Andrew G. Hill, MBChB, MD, EdD, Auckland, New Zealand

• Simon Y. K. Law, MBBChir, MS, Hong Kong

• Dimitrios A. Linos, MD, PhD, Marousi, Greece

• Olle Ljungqvist, MD, PhD, Örebro, Sweden

• Chung-Mau Lo, MBBS, MS(HK), Hong Kong

• Avery B. Nathens, MD, MPH, PhD, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

• John A. Windsor, MD, Auckland, New Zealand

• Manabu Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Tokyo, Japan

• Han-Kwang Yang, MD, PhD, Seoul, South Korea

• Cheng-Har Yip, MBBS, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

• Dean Lewis, MD, 1920-1940

• Waltman Walters, MD, 1941-1942; 1946-1961

• Lester Dragstedt, MD, 1943-1945

• J. Garrett Allen, MD, 1962-1969

• Richard Warren, MD, 1970-1976

• Arthur Baue, MD, 1977-1988

• Claude H. Organ Jr, MD, 1989-2004

• Julie Ann Freischlag, MD, 2005-2014

• Offices: 330 N Wabash Ave, Chicago, IL 60611

• Editor in Chief, JAMA Network Howard Bauchner, MD

• Executive Editor Phil B. Fontanarosa, MD, MBA

• Executive Managing Editor Annette Flanagin

• Managing Editor Brenda Gregoline

• Deputy Managing Editor Tracy Frey

• Manuscript Editors Kevin Brown, Amanda Ehrhardt, Iris Y. Lo, Michaela Mark, M. Sophia Newman, Suzanne Walker

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Manager Connie L. Manno

• Freelance Manuscript Editing Coordinators Sara M. Billings, Timothy Gray, Paul Ruich, Sam Wilder

• Freelance Copy Editors and Copyreaders Catherine A. Alden, Stephanie Lang Beckmeyer, Jane Calayag, Jan Clavey, Mary Coerver-Connolly, Paula Glitman, Laura King, Regina Z. Lilly, Joseph Clayton Mills, Brandy Y. Patton, Thressa D. Smith, Donna J. Thordsen, Aggie Zarkadas

• Editorial Assistant Wanda Hill

• Directors Larry Bryant, Monica Mungle, Elaine Williams

• Managers and Staff Fanny L. Brown, Anna Bukowski, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Tosca Hall, Erin Kato, Peter K. Kim, Rachell Lozano, Caroline Sietmann, Angelia Waltower

• Deputy Editor and Director Michael Berkwits, MD

• Digital Media Production Eric Butkus, Michelle Kurzynski (managers); Emily Ling, Jesse McQuarters, Daniel Morrow (producers)

• Social Media Daniella Peting (manager); Reuben Rios (coordinator)

• Electronic Media Systems and Services Carrie Butt (supervisor), Mary Lynn Ferkaluk (assistant)

• Deputy Editor and Director Ronna Henry, MD

• Staff Karen Bucher, Andy Rekito, Nick Reback, David Song

• Deputy Editor Edward H. Livingston, MD

• CME Editor Thomas B. Cole, MD, MPH

• Director Marla A. Hall

• Staff Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis

• Editorial Counsel Joseph P. Thornton, JD

• Manager Deanna Bellandi

• Staff Jim Michalski

• Senior Vice President and Publisher, Periodical Publications Thomas J. Easley

• Vice President, Publishing Business Operations Brian Shields

• Vice President, Publishing Production Operations Karen Adams-Taylor

• Vice President, Digital Product Management and Development Paul Gee

• Staff Monica Smith

• Director Jeffery J. Bonistalli

• Manager Kathy Russell

• Staff Mirna Monal

• Sales Representative Stacey McHugh

• Director, Marketing Mark Thornbury

• Staff Tricia Castellano

• Manager Thalia Moss

• Staff Tiffani Stevenson

• Manager Susan Lovenberg

• Director, Worldwide Sales Vida Damijonaitis

• Managers Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian McCartney

• Sales Representatives Christine Hearne, Natasha Nekola

• Staff David Baum, Morgan Osgood, Ron Thomas

• Directors Rick Bell, Elizabeth Solaro, Sara Zimmerman

• Associate Publisher/Senior Product Development Geoffrey Flick

• Managers Fergus Clare, Lindsay Dawson, Will English IV, Ellen Gibson, Mustafa Ishaq, Peter Litton, Craig McCaffrey, Michael McGraw, Jon Perkins, Daniel Pickhardt, Romando Rossini, Sarah Subramanian, Stacy Tucker

• Business Analyst Sirisha Alluri

• Staff Millette Jackson-Bates, Tom Miller

• Directors Karl Elvin, Nancy Essex, Jaye Mize, Sean O’Donnell, Sue Sherrill

• Managers David Antos, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Jennifer Carney, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Jordynn Farrar, Allison Hughes, Tiffany Jones, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J.D. Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'Leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Binita Shah, Erin Spencer, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Wixted

• Advertising and Production Services Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Rhonda Bailey Brown, Fin Carter, Michael Deegan, Daniel DeGroot, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Joshua Lane, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara

• Circulation Services Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Van Someren

• Composition and New Media Gail Barrett, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Joshua Lampinen, Nathan Mitre, Patricia E. Panek, Marla Seidell, La'son Diggs Sledge, Julian Wiley

• Graphics Joe Amft, James Collver, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski

• Proofreading Carol Joy Farrell, Daniel James, Judith A. Literskis, Teresa H. Omiotek, Michael Ryder

• Executive Vice President, Chief Executive Officer James L. Madara, MD

• Chief Operating Officer Bernard L. Hengesbaugh

JAMA Network is a consortium of peer-reviewed print and online medical publications that includes JAMA®, JAMA Surgery, and other specialty journals. JAMA Surgery does not hold itself responsible for statements made by any contributor. All articles published, including opinion articles, represent the views of the authors and do not reflect the policy of the Journal, the American Medical Association, or the institution with which the author is affiliated, unless otherwise indicated.

©2018 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. Reproduction without permission is prohibited.